Heat flow is a branch of geophysics that focuses on the transfer of thermal energy within the Earth's interior. It involves studying the movement of heat through the Earth's crust, mantle, and core, and how this heat flow impacts geological processes such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and mineral formation. Researchers in this field use various techniques, including heat flow measurements, thermal modeling, and geothermal exploration, to understand the distribution and dynamics of heat within the Earth. Heat flow research is important for gaining insight into the Earth's thermal structure, as well as for applications in geothermal energy production and understanding the broader implications of climate change.